Salman Gharakhani; Mohsen Renani; Zahra Karimi; Farshad Momeni
Abstract
The thinkers and theorists in development have proposed various theories on the non-convergent path of development in different societies. In line with this, as one of new institutionalists North studied the transition from Limited Access Order (LAO) (i.e., Natural State) to Open Access Order (OAO) by ...
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The thinkers and theorists in development have proposed various theories on the non-convergent path of development in different societies. In line with this, as one of new institutionalists North studied the transition from Limited Access Order (LAO) (i.e., Natural State) to Open Access Order (OAO) by emphasizing the violence concept. In this paper, it is tried to investigate the institutional barriers to Iran's transition from the Natural State (NS) during the second Pahlavi era; therefore, an analytic narrative is presented about elements such as the official political institutions, formal economic institutions, major domestic superordinates and the rent resources during this period using the Governance Diamond Index (GDI). Hence, this time span is divided into two different periods, namely Fragile Limited Access Order (FLAO) and Basic Limited Access Order (BLAO), and the interaction among ruling coalition members is studied using GDI. Although Iran experienced BLAO in this period, the historical evidence shows the major issue was that this country not only did not move toward OAO, its conditions even led to FLAO and eventually chaos after undergoing a period of BLAO. The results of this study illustrate that the country was exposed to continuous violence due to lack of a coalition among superordinates, the domination of personal relationships over all affairs, and the non-productive distribution of rents under the shadow of increased oil revenues and foreign aid.
Mena Countries Group
Mahboobeh Shakeri; Ahmad Jafari Samimi; Zahra Karimi Moughari
Volume 6, Issue 21 , November 2015, , Pages 106-93
Abstract
The subject of this paper is measuring institutional quality and evaluatingits relationship with per capita economic growth in 20 MENA countries. For estimating growth models, panel data method was used during (2002-2010). For measuring institutional quality at first six indices of good governance have ...
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The subject of this paper is measuring institutional quality and evaluatingits relationship with per capita economic growth in 20 MENA countries. For estimating growth models, panel data method was used during (2002-2010). For measuring institutional quality at first six indices of good governance have been used in six growth models. The results have shown that only regulatory quality have positive and significant relation with economic growth. Whereas the coefficients of other institutional variables including control of corruption and political stability are negative and the others including rule of law, governance effectiveness and voice and accountability are positive but insignificant. Then another model was estimated by using good governance index which was derived from combining six upper indices by using principle component analysis (PCA). The results showed positive relationship but significant at the 0.10 percent level. In the final analysis a new institutional index is derived by combining three institutional variables which had positive coefficient into the one composite index by using PCA. New index has bigger positive coefficient and significant at the 0.01 percent level rather than its sub measures (regulatory quality, voice and accountability, rule of law) and alsothan good governance index.
Hoda Zobeiri; Zahra Karimi Moghari
Volume 4, Issue 14 , May 2014, , Pages 62-39
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to combine two concepts of economy and society to analyze the economic development by a social approach. Social cohesion is the situation which all elements of society be joined in a manner that makes an effective union. In this research, the social cohesion index for 85 ...
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The purpose of this paper is to combine two concepts of economy and society to analyze the economic development by a social approach. Social cohesion is the situation which all elements of society be joined in a manner that makes an effective union. In this research, the social cohesion index for 85 selected developed and developing countries during 2008-2010 are calculated using “equality of opportunity” and “social capital” components. Then the effect of social cohesion on economic development has been examined, using panel regression analysis. The findings show that social cohesion has a positive and significant effect on GDP per capita, technological innovation, effectiveness of government institutions, quality of development policies and finally political and social stability.
